Step-Index Fiber
The transmission speed of optical waveguides is superior to microwave waveguides, because optical devices have a much higher operating frequency than microwaves, enabling a far higher bandwidth. This model is an example of a single step-index waveguide made of silica glass. The inner core is made of pure silica glass with refractive index n1 = 1.4457 and the cladding is doped, with a ...
H-Bend Waveguide 3D
These examples show how to model a rectangular waveguide for microwaves in 2D and 3D. A single hollow waveguide can conduct two kinds of electromagnetic waves: transversal magnetic (TM) or transversal electric (TE) waves. The models examine a TE wave that has no electric field component in the direction of propagation. More specifically, for the models, you select the frequency and ...
Coplanar Waveguide Bandpass Filter
Coplanar waveguide (CPW) bandpass filters can be designed using interdigital capacitors (IDCs) and short-circuited stub inductors (SSIs). This is a very efficient manufacturing method for producing bandpass filters, which can readily be implemented on a GaAs wafer. The Coplanar Waveguide Bandpass Filter tutorial model presents a design that is compact in relation to its resonant frequency and ...
Connecting a 3D Electromagnetic Wave Model to an Electrical Circuit
A model built with the RF Module can be connected to an electrical circuit equivalent, if there is some structure outside of the model space that you wish to approximate as a circuit equivalent. In this model, the 3D model of a coaxial cable is connected to a voltage source, in series with a matched impedance, and sees a load, also of matched impedance.
Fresnel Equations (RF)
A plane electromagnetic wave propagating through free space is incident at an angle upon an infinite dielectric medium. This model computes the reflection and transmission coefficients and compares to the Fresnel equations.
Finding the Impedance of a Coaxial Cable
The coaxial cable (coax) is one of the most ubiquitous transmission line structures. It is composed of a central circular conductor, surrounded by an annular dielectric, and shielded by an outer conductor. This model computes the electric and magnetic field distribution inside of the coaxial cable, analyzes the impedance, and compares the result with the analytic solution.
Computing the Radar Cross Section of a Perfectly Conducting Sphere
A classic benchmark problem in computational electromagnetics is to solve for the radar cross section (RCS) of a sphere in free space illuminated by a plane wave. This model solves for the RCS of a metallic sphere that has a very high conductivity, which can be treated as a material with infinite conductivity. Results are compare to the analytic solution, and agreement is shown.
Modeling of a Mobile Device Antenna
Electrical components in wireless communication systems are designed to be small and light for portability and productivity while maintaining decent performance and efficiency. Antennas are essential components in mobile devices and are required to fit in the limited space allowed by industrial specifications. To fulfill this requirement, a planar inverted-F antenna (PIFA) is common and a ...
Modeling of Pyramidal Absorbers for an Anechoic Chamber
In this model, a microwave absorber is constructed from an infinite 2D array of pyramidal lossy structures. Pyramidal absorbers with radiation-absorbent material (RAM) are commonly used in anechoic chambers for electromagnetic wave measurements. Microwave absorption is modeled using a lossy material to imitate the electromagnetic properties of conductive carbon-loaded foam.
Corrugated Circular Horn Antenna
Corrugated circular aperture (conical) horn antennas are popularly used as feed horns for dish reflector antennas due to their low side lobe and cross-polarization level. The excited TE mode from a circular waveguide passes along the corrugated inner surface of a circular horn antenna, where a TM mode is also generated. When combined, these two modes give lower cross polarization at the antenna ...