Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy
Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) is a common technique in electroanalysis. It is used to study the harmonic response of an electrochemical system. A small, sinusoidal variation is applied to the potential at the working electrode, and the resulting current is analyzed in the frequency domain. The real and imaginary components of the impedance give information about the kinetic and ...
Copper Deposition in a Trench
This model demonstrates the use of moving meshes in the application of copper electrodeposition on circuit boards. In these environments, the presence of cavities or 'trenches' are apparent. The model makes use of the Tertiary, Nernst-Planck interface for electrodeposition to keep track of the deformation of the mesh. Furthermore, electrochemical reaction kinetics through use of the Butler ...
Cyclic Voltammetry
Cyclic voltammetry is a common analytical technique for investigating electrochemical systems. In this method, the potential difference between a working electrode and a reference electrode is swept linearly in time from a start potential to a vertex potential, and back again. The current-voltage waveform, called a voltammogram, provides information about the reactivity and mass transport ...
Decorative Plating
Tutorial model of electroplating. The model uses secondary current distribution with full Butler-Volmer kinetics for both anode and cathode. The thickness of the deposited layer at the cathode is computed as well as the pattern caused by dissolution of the anode surface.
Voltammetry at a Microdisk Electrode
Voltammetry is modeled at a microelectrode of 10um radius. In this common analytical electrochemistry technique, the potential at a working electrode is swept up and down and the current is recorded. The current-voltage waveform ("voltammogram") gives information about the reactivity and mass transport properties of the analyte. Microelectrodes are popular in electroanalysis because they ...
Electrochemical Machining of a Micro Bore
For several high-precision applications, especially in hydraulic systems and fuel injectors, micro bores are needed. In most cases the shape of the injection hole, especially the edge rounding, has a significant influence on the atomization of fluids and therefore on the combustion process. Usually these micro bores are machined by electrical discharge machining (EDM). Due to the process ...
Copper Deposition in a Trench using the Level Set Method
The present model example is based on Copper Deposition in a Trench model available in Electrodeposition Application Library. The nonuniform deposition along the trench surface leads to formation of a cavity/void. Since the Deformed Geometry interface cannot handle topological changes, the original model cannot be extended to simulate deposition after cavity formation. In the present model, ...
Electrocoating of a Car Door
This example models electrocoating of paint onto a car door in a time-dependent simulation. The deposited paint is highly resistive which results in lowered local deposition rates for coated areas. A primary current distribution in combination with a film resistance model is used to describe the charge transport in the electrolyte. The model is in 3D and uses an imported CAD geometry.
Electrodeposition of an Inductor Coil
This example models the deposition of an inductor coil in 3D. The geometry includes the extrusion of the deposition pattern into an isolating photoresist mask, and a diffusion layer on top of the photoresist. The mass transfer of copper ions in the electrolyte has a major impact on the deposition kinetics, resulting in higher deposition rates in the outer parts of the deposition pattern. The ...
Aluminum Anodization
When anodizing aluminum, the surface is electrochemically altered to form an abrasive and corrosion-resistive Al2O3 film. The electrode kinetics during the process are only marginally affected as the oxide layer grows, so a stationary analysis of the current distribution is sufficient to determine the uniformity of this layer’s thickness. Anode kinetics from experimental polarization data are ...